Conocimientos, actitudes y aceptación de la sal fluorada en una población peruana / Knowledge, attitudes and acceptance of fluoridated salt in a peruvian population

Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y aceptación de la sal fluorada de los padres de familia atendidos en la Casa del Adulto Mayor y la Casa de la Mujer de la Municipalidad de Chorrillos. Lima û Perú. Materiales y métodos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 130 padres de familia. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada y se presentaron los datos mediante tablas de distribución de frecuencias. Resultados. Respecto al conocimiento sobre la sal fluorada, solo el 16,2% conocía de su existencia, y de este grupo, el 33,3% no estaba informado de sus beneficios. Respecto a las actitudes sobre la sal fluorada, el 76,9% refirió que no compraba ninguna marca en especial. La mayor parte no revisaba la etiqueta o leía solo la marca para identificar la sal de su elección (45,4% en ambos casos). El 86,9% manifestó no saber si vende sal fluorada cerca de su casa. Respecto a la aceptación, el 91,6% estaba de acuerdo con que la eficacia en la prevención de la caries es una buena razón para su consumo. El 97,7% consideró que los beneficios de la sal fluorada deberían darse a conocer en la etiqueta de la bolsa. El 93,1% estaría dispuesto a utilizar diariamente la sal fluorada en la preparación de las comidas de los niños, y el 96,2% recomendaría su uso a otros padres de familia. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de la población no presenta un conocimiento adecuado sobre la sal fluorada. Sin embargo, estarían dispuestos a consumirla y recomendarla si estuviesen mejor informados sobre los beneficios que aporta...

Objective. To determine the knowledge, attitudes and acceptance of the fluoridated salt of parents attended in the House of the Older Adult and the House of the Women, Municipality of Chorrillos. Lima - Peru. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 130 parents. An structured survey was made and data was presented by frequency distribution tables. Results. Regarding knowledge about fluoride salt, 16.2% knew of its existence. Of this group, 33.33% was not inofremed about their benefits. Regarding attitudes about fluoridated salt, 76.9% reported that they did not buy any brand in particular. The majority did not check the label or read only the mark to identify the salt of your choice (45.4% in both cases). 86.9% said that it did not know if they sell this productnear his home. With respect to the acceptance, 91.6% was in agreement with the effectiveness of caries prevention is a good reason for consumption. 97.7% considered the benefits of fluoridated salt should be disclosed in the label on the bag. 9.1% were willing to use fluoridated salt dialy to prepare meals for the children, and 96.2% would recommend its use to other parents Conclusions. The majority of the population does not have an adequate knowledge about the fluoridated salt. However, they would be willing to consume it and recommend it if they were better informed about the benefits...

La deficiencia de yodo en Cuba / Iodine deficiency in Cuba

Objetivo: caracterizar la magnitud y la severidad de la deficiencia de yodo en Cuba. Métodos: se caracterizó la magnitud y la severidad de la deficiencia de yodo en Cuba mediante la determinación de la yoduria y la prevalencia de bocio por inspección y palpación. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal utilizando un muestreo complejo por conglomerados bietápico en tres estratos de selección: urbano, rural y montaña, el cual incluyó 67 municipios del país con un total de 2 101 escolares de 6 a 11 años. Resultados: se encontraron yodurias deficientes en el 6,4 por ciento de los niños evaluados a predominio del estrato de montaña. Se evidenció una ingesta excesiva de yodo en todos los estratos. La prevalencia de bocio fue de 27, 3 por ciento, considerada como endemia moderada con una mayor cifra en la montaña y sexo femenino. Los hallazgos indicaron el impacto de la yodación de la sal evaluado a través de la excreción urinaria como indicador de ingesta reciente. Conclusiones: el bocio endémico continúa siendo un problema nutricional poblacional, lo que sugiere realizar estudios de mayor profundidad para identificar las posibles relaciones causales

Objective: characterize the magnitude and severity of iodine deficiency in Cuba. Methods: characterization of the magnitude and severity of iodine deficiency in Cuba was based on determination of iodinuria and the prevalence of goitre by inspection and palpation. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using complex two-staged cluster sampling of three selected strata: urban, rural and mountainous, including 67 municipalities and a total of 2 101 school children aged 6-11. Results: deficient iodinuria was found in 6.4 percent of the children evaluated, with a predominance of the mountainous stratum. Excessive iodine intake was present in all strata. Goitre was classed as moderately endemic, with a prevalence of 27.3 percent and a predominance in the mountainous stratum and the female sex. Findings revealed the impact of salt iodization, which was evaluated through examination of urinary excretion as an indicator of recent salt intake. Conclusions: endemic goitre continues to be a nutritional problem in the population, pointing to the need to conduct more profound studies to identify possible causal relationships

Um método chamado Pinotti: sal medicamentoso, malária e saúde internacional (1952-1960) / A method called Pinotti: medicated salt, malaria, and international health (1952-1960)

Analisa a criação, a recepção e o abandono do método Pinotti de combate à malária: sal de cozinha misturado com cloroquina. Idealizado no início da década de 1950 pelo malariologista brasileiro Mario Pinotti como ação profilática e terapêutica contra a malária, foi testado durante a primeira metade daquela década e utilizado no Brasil entre 1959 e 1961, como parte da campanha de erradicação da malária coordenada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Conquistou reconhecimento no cenário internacional da saúde, sofreu críticas e foi testado em outros países até meados dos anos 1960. Argumentamos que, no Brasil, o abandono foi devido, sobretudo, ao ocaso político de seu criador, a partir de 1960.

Iodine deficiency disorders after a decade of universal salt iodization in a severe iodine deficiency region in China.

Background & objectives: Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in all counties of China in 1995. This study was undertaken to assess the status of iodine deficiency disorders control and prevention after 10 years of implementation of USI in a severe iodine deficiency region in China. Methods: Thirty primary school were selected in Gansu province utilizing cluster sampling methodology for the years 1995 and 2005. In each selected school, 40 children aged 8-10 yr were randomly selected for thyroid and IQ examination, and urinary samples were collected from 12. On the spot casual urine samples and salt samples were collected from a subset of children included in the study. In 2005, casual urine samples were also collected from 50 pregnant and lactating women in each cluster. Effect of health education was studied by a combination method of giving questionnaires to and observing students and families. Results: The total goiter rates (TGR) were found to be 13.5 and 38.7 per cent in 2005 and 1995 respectively. The medians urinary iodine excretion levels of children were 191.8 and 119.9 μg/l in 2005 and 1995. The median urinary iodine excretion level of women was 161.9 μg/l. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) was 96.9 in 2005 significantly more than that in 1997 (P<0.05). The health education pass rate of children and women were 21.1 and 51.1 per cent respectively. Interpretation & conclusion: After ten years of universal salt iodization (USI), iodine nutrition of people improved and the current iodine nutrition status of population was adequate. Decrease in TGR and increase in IQ showed that IDD control and prevention had made great progress through ten years USI, salt iodization played the key role in IDD control and prevention for sustained elimination of IDD, the programme of USI and other measures like health education should be persisted and enforced.

Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation.

Earlier studies done in Sri Lanka have indicated the importance of iodine deficiency as a public health problem. The universal salt iodisation programme has been implemented since 1995.The goals of salt iodisation are reduction of the goitre rate to <5% in school-aged children, to maintain the median urinary iodine level in the population between 100-200 microg/L and >90% of households using iodised salt. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the goitre prevalence, the urinary iodine level, and measure the household iodised salt consumption pattern by Province. METHOD: A school-based study of 6574 randomly selected children in the age group 8-10 years, from 263 schools was assessed for goitre by palpation. The concentration of urinary iodine levels was measured in 2630 of these children. Estimation of iodine in the 6181 samples of salt used in households of the schoolchildren was also assessed by test kits. RESULTS: The prevalence of goitre in the Provinces varied from 16.3% to 26.2%. The median urinary iodine levels were above the cut-off point of 100 microg/L in all Provinces except in Uva. The highest median urinary iodine level was reported in North Central Province (231.3 microg/L). Overall, 35.4% of the children had urine iodine levels in the 'ideal' range (100-199.9 microg/L); 30.6% with lower values (<100 microg/L) indicated iodine deficiency and 16.3% with higher values (< 300 microg/L) indicated excessive iodine intake. Only 49.5% of households had used adequately iodised salt. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that iodine deficiency still exists in Uva Province, and that more than adequate iodine levels were found in the North Central Province. The level of permitted salt iodine at household level needs to be revised.

Efeitos da suplementacão de potássio via sal de cozinha sobre a pressão arterial e a resistência à insulina em pacientes obesos hipertensos em uso de diuréticos / Effects of potassium supplementation by salt on arterial blood pressure and insulin resistance in hypertensive obese patients on diuretic therapy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementacão de potássio, por intermédio do sal de cozinha contendo cloreto de potássio, associada à dieta hipocalórica e à atividade física aeróbica, sobre a pressão arterial e índices de resistência à insulina em pacientes hipertensos com obesidade abdominal. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo duplo-cego, randomizado, em 22 pacientes hipertensos com excesso de peso (índice de massa corporal >27kg/my) e controle insatisfatório da pressão arterial durante o uso de diuréticos pressão arterial sistólica >140 e <160mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica >90 e <105mmHg. O estudo teve duracão de 12 semanas, durante as quais, os pacientes, divididos em dois grupos (grupo sal normal, n=10; grupo sal de potássio, n=12), receberam sal contendo 100 por cento de cloreto de sódio, ou sal contendo 50 por cento de cloreto de sódio e 50 por cento de cloreto de potássio. No início e ao final do estudo, os pacientes foram submetidos à determinacão do índice de massa corporal, da circunferência da cintura, dos níveis séricos e da excrecão urinária de sódio e potássio, à monitorizacão ambulatorial da pressão arterial nas 24 horas, ao teste oral de tolerância à glicose com determinacão dos níveis séricos de insulina em jejum e aos 120 minutos, à determinacão do perfil lipídico do plasma e à medida da composicão corporal. RESULTADOS: No grupo sal de potássio, os níveis do potássio sérico não se elevaram, como no grupo sal normal, embora se elevasse de 38,8n18,6 para 62,3n29,7mEq/g a excrecão de creatinina urinária (p<0,05). A perda de peso, semelhante nos dois grupos (3,5 por cento no grupo sal normal e 2,7 por cento no grupo sal de potássio), associou-se às reducões na pressão arterial sistólica durante a monitorizacão ambulatorial...

Manual de combate aos distúrbios por deficiência de iodo no Brasil / Manual for control and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in Brazil

O manual tem o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre a deficiência de iodo e seu controle, destinando-se, principalmente, aos profissionais de saúde näo-especialistas e às autoridades estaduais e municipais, a quem deverá caber a operacionalizaçäo e acompanhamento das açöes de combate à deficiência de iodo. Compöem-se de duas partes: a primeira, trata dos aspectos técnicos e científicos da deficiência de iodo e a segunda apresenta a técnica de dosagem de iodato, com ênfase na iodaçäo do sal.